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Mark asks…
What’s the difference?
What are the differences between clay, sand, and silt sediments?
Glenn answers:
Grain size. Clay is the finest grained soil. It has plasticity. Silt is also considered fine grained, but not as fine as clay. It too can have plasticity (elastic silts), but again not as much as clay. Sand is considered course grained and is non plastic. It obviously takes more depositional forces (water/wind) to deposit more coarse grained sediments.
Jenny asks…
Is geography or curators to blame for “poor” pitches?
This is a question I’ve wanted to ask for a long time. It is often remarked how pitches in the Indian subcontinent are low, flat dustbowls that produce massive scores and misery for fast bowlers and how pitches in England, South Africa and Australia are much more bowler-friendly. It is also often said that countries design pitches to suit their strengths, i.e. teams that have many good fast bowlers have home turfs that are pacy and bouncy, whereas subcontinental pitches are doctored to favour spinners and batsmen, producing which is the Indian subcontinent’s forte. But as far as I know, whether a pitch favours pace or spin is dependent on the relative proportions of sand, silt and clay in the pitch. An abundance of sand produces slow, turning tracks, while clay produces hard pitches which favour bounce.
The relative abundance of sand and clay is characteristic to specific parts of the world. For example, subcontinental soils are sandy and so the pitches are sandy. Whereas the pitch at WACA in Perth contains 66% clay, pitches in Dhaka contain 10-12% clay. Given the natural geography of these regions, can curators or cricket boards really be blamed for producing pitches that are seen as too batting friendly, or as providing too much assistance to pacers. Shouldn’t we simply point to the soil and say that it is responsible for the differences in the pitches?
Also, if pitches were ever standardised and produced in one part of the world and then transported and used as drop-in pitches at all grounds worldwide, who would get the honour of preparing pitches? On what basis? Lastly, if you took variations in the track out of the game, would it be as unpredictable or as much fun?
Shouldn’t people stop griping about pitches altogether?
Mel: Good answer! Thumbs-up!!
Ben: Excellent answer. I never knew all that about pitch preparation. Good, balanced POV too.
Glenn answers:
Geographical features plays a part, but it ultimately the curator who prepares a pitch. Because, if it is only the geography that decided how a pitch should behave, the pitches of Pakistan would not have had a green topping, from where great pacers like Akram & Younis came.
However, the pitches in India have a dry surface, which will help cracking of pitches towards the fourth or fifth day, which will assist spinners.
But the pace, bounce & turn of a pitch is decided by the type of bulli used.
An extract from cricinfo
The nature of the bulli determines the maximum pace and bounce that can be achieved. The South African and Australian pattern is to use bulli with strong swell or shrink characteristics that is the bulli which swells when it is wetted and shrinks when it dries, and which is able to provide a pacey bouncy pitch. This characteristic is brought about by a high content of what is known as 2:1 swelling clays. These clay soils have a high binding strength (which is closely correlated with bounce and pace – the greater the binding strength the greater the pace and the higher the bounce). Organic matter in the bulli will have a dampening effect of both pace and bounce.
Alternatively, a high sand content in the bulli will help to provide grip to the ball when it comes into contact with the pitch. This will slow the pace of the ball but will allow for greater turn.
If the clay content of the bulli is too high, cracking becomes a major problem. Cracking depends not only on the clay content but also to a large extent on the type of clay mineral dominant in the bulli. It seems also that cracks can become permanent in that they may not close up even on watering if a thick stone drainage layer exists under the bulli. This complicates pitch preparation and it is probably impossible to consistently produce a good pitch with such bulli. Note also that clay percentages can be lower than the above for club and school pitches which do not need to last for four to five days of continuous play.
–
(Bulli is a type of soil used in pitch preparation , and it derives it’s name from the name of the place where it is found, Bulli, New South Wales)
There are standards to prepare pitches, which is quite lenient in describing how the pitch should be. Whatever does not comply to these standards are termed as substandard pitches, and the respective boards has to explain to ICC, why it was so.
I think Artificial turfs in test matches will not be a good practice. The natural verdure of grass, like that we see in pitches in New Zealand are attractive. But ICC should inspect pitches, at least a week before the match, and should approve the match to go ahead, if found satisfactory. If the pitch is a substandard one, then an artificial pitch could be laid down.
The unpredictability is the thing we want to see in cricket. But the pitches should not provide an unfair advantage to the home team.
Mandy asks…
Any help with any of these questions?
1. What is the difference between weathering and erosion?
2. How is sand “made�
3. Why are our beaches composed mostly of quartz sand and not finer particles like silt or clay?
4. Draw and label a diagram of a healthy beach profile?
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5. What is the difference between a berm and a beach?
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6. Explain what happens to a beach during a storm, and then in the calmer weather after a storm.
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7. Describe the process of longshore drift off the Qld coast.
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8. Draw a diagram of a groyne and how sand accumulates near it due to longshore drift.
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9. Discuss how and where, wind and waves transport sediments in coastal areas.
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10. List the 4 different types of islands.
11. Give 2 features of a Barrier island.
12. What are the 2 main functions of a Barrier Island?
13. Define the following terms
a. Diversity
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b. Abundance
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c. Biodiversity
d. Population
e. Community
f. Ecosystem
g. Habitat
h. Ecology
i. Biotic
j. Abiotic
14. What impact did the industrial revolution have on the world’s ecology
15. Explain 3 results on ecosystems of overpopulation
16. In terms of location on a continent where does the majority of the population live? What impact might this have on ecosystems?
17. Discuss the factors which need to be considered when sampling populations of animals
18. Discuss the factors which need to be considered when sampling populations of plants
19. What factors need to be considered when using quadrats?
20. Explain 3 different methods of population sampling.
21. Analyse some of the difficulties associated with the different sampling techniques and consider ways of overcoming them.
Glenn answers:
Education is the best way and you should educate inorder to proud teachers and be nice to everyone
hope this help mate! Http://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index;_ylt=ApM7CisM2LcnJdbTdHrK_ocgBgx.;_ylv=3?qid=20110906043323AAfsEI8
Sharon asks…
Question on Rock Correlation….!?
The Tully is a prominent rock layer of the Cayuga Lake Basin. Its stands out visibly between the Moscow below Tully and the Geneseo above Tully. What could cause this difference in the appearance of the rock layers?
Sand is deposited nearer to the shore than silt and clay. Refer to the description of the Sherburne formation. How was the distance between the area where this layer was deposited changing during the time the Sherburne was being deposited?
Glenn answers:
Many things could cause this difference and there is not enough information given to make more that a guess. It might be that the Tully is a sandstone cliff-former, while the Moscow and the Genesso are siltstone/shale slope formers.
Richard asks…
earth science!!! i need help please?
Soils are made up of a mineral portion, an organic portion, and air and water. What are the three mineral components of soil? Check all three.
clay
bits of plant material; dead organisms
silt
sand
Soils are made up of a mineral portion, an organic portion, air and water. What is meant by the word organic?
nonliving, mineral in composition
composed of several organs
material that was produced by or was/is part of a living organism
musical in nature; played on the organ
Soil composition and characteristics vary with depth. These differences in soils can be seen as layers in the soil called __________.
Entry 1:
The two processes which are most often responsible for the breakdown of rock into soil particles are (Choose the two that apply.)
accretion
weathering
deposition
erosion
Soils are formed from the breakdown of rock below them. This rock material is referred to as “parent material.”
True
False
What are the three agents which can transport large amounts of soil from their area of origin to an area hundreds or thousands of miles away? These are “agents of erosion.”
wind
glaciers
water
solar radiation
In the outline find your section on soil horizons. In it you will find a diagram representing a view of a soil cut away.
Which of the layers in this example represents the horizon that is the parent material?
O
A
B
C
In the outline find your section on soil horizons. In it you will find a diagram representing a view of a soil cut away.
Which of the layers in this example represents the horizon that is alive with roots, fungi, bacteria, worms, small arthropods like spiders and so on?
O
A
B
C
In the outline find your section on soil horizons. In it you will find a diagram representing a view of a soil cut away.
Which of the layers in this example represents the horizon that is very thin and contains large amounts of organic matter?
O
A
B
C
In the outline find your section on soil horizons. In it you will find a diagram representing a view of a soil cut away.
Horizon B in this example would be very difficult for soil organisms to move through because it would be a very hard layer.
True
False
Glenn answers:
Sand
material that was produced by or was/is part of a living organism
weathering
deposition
True
wind
glaciers
water
Nancy asks…
please help with this home work?
4.11 The Good Earth
In this lesson you should have learned that soils are important for many reasons.
Tell three ways that soil is important and for each explain why it is important in that way.
POINT VALUE: 3.0 point
Soils are home for a wide variety of organisms such as worms and other tiny animals such as insects, arthropods (like spiders and millipedes). There are also organisms such as fungi and bacteria. Collectively these organisms serve two very important services to/in the soil. What are these services?
POINT VALUE: 2.0 point
Soils are made up of a mineral portion, an organic portion, and air and water. What are the three mineral components of soil? Check all three.
clay
bits of plant material; dead organisms
silt
sand
POINT VALUE: 3 points
Soils are made up of a mineral portion, an organic portion, air and water. What is meant by the word organic?
nonliving, mineral in composition
composed of several organs
material that was produced by or was/is part of a living organism
musical in nature; played on the organ
POINT VALUE: 1.0 points
Soil compostion and characteristics vary with depth. These differences in soils can be seen as layers in the soil called __________.
Entry 1:
POINT VALUE: 1.0 points
The two processes which are most often responsible for the breakdown of rock into soil particles are (Choose the two that apply.)
accretion
weathering
deposition
erosion
POINT VALUE: 2 points
Soils are formed from the breakdown of rock below them. This rock material is referred to as “parent material”.
True
False
POINT VALUE: 1.0 points
What are the three agents which can transport large amounts of soil from their area of origin to an area hundreds or thousands of miles away? These are “agents of erosion.”
wind
glaciers
water
solar radiation
POINT VALUE: 3 points
In the outline find your section on soil horizons. In it you will find a diagram representing a view of a soil cut away.
Which of the layers in this example represents the horizon that is the parent material?
O
A
B
C
POINT VALUE: 1.0 points
In the outline find your section on soil horizons. In it you will find a diagram representing a view of a soil cut away.
Which of the layers in this example represents the horizon that is alive with roots, fungi, bacteria, worms, small arthropods like spiders and so on?
O
A
B
C
POINT VALUE: 1.0 points
In the outline find your section on soil horizons. In it you will find a diagram representing a view of a soil cut away.
Which of the layers in this example represents the horizon that is very thin and contains large amounts of organic matter?
O
A
B
C
POINT VALUE: 1.0 points
In the outline find your section on soil horizons. In it you will find a diagram representing a view of a soil cut away.
Horizon B in this example would be very difficult for soil organisms to move through because it would be a very hard layer.
True
False
Glenn answers:
Lol man do ur own homework, and btw I’m doing this assignment right now… I’ll tell u the answers that I got so far.
Soils are made up of a mineral portion, an organic portion, air and water. What is meant by the word organic?
Nonliving, mineral in composition (wrong
composed of several organs (wrong
***material that was produced by or was/is part of a living organism
musical in nature; played on the organ (wrong
and the three mineral components of soil are clay silt and sand.
The last question is false, and for soil composition the word u have to put in is “horizons”/
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Your Questions About Sand Silt Clay Difference | Starting Gardening - Gardening Tips & Advice
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